How to Apply for Asylum in Turkey?

1. Initiating the Asylum Application

Individuals seeking international protection in Turkey must personally apply to the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management (PDMM) in their respective provinces. In Istanbul, applications should be submitted to the Kumkapı Coordination Center. It is crucial to apply as soon as possible after entering Turkey, even if the entry was irregular, to ensure a legal stay and access to fundamental rights and services.

2. Registration Process

Upon application, PDMM collects personal information, including fingerprints and photographs. Applicants must provide any relevant documents supporting their asylum claim. Once registered, an “International Protection Applicant Identity Document” is issued, which grants the right to legally reside in Turkey during the application process. This document also includes a foreigner identification number, which facilitates access to essential services.

3. Residence Obligation

After registering, applicants are assigned a specific province where they must reside. Additionally, they are required to report to local authorities at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly. Failure to comply with this obligation without valid reasons can result in the automatic withdrawal of the asylum application.

4. Interview and Evaluation

As part of the asylum process, PDMM conducts a detailed interview to assess the claim. During this interview, applicants must explain:

• Reasons for fleeing their home country
• Why they cannot return safely
• Any threats or persecution they have faced

This interview usually takes place within 30 days of registration but may be delayed depending on workload and other circumstances. The evaluation takes into account both personal circumstances and conditions in the applicant’s home country.

5. Decision Timeline

The Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM) aims to issue a decision within six months from the application date. However, if the case requires further investigation, the process may take longer. If an extension occurs, applicants are officially informed of the delay.

6. Appeal Procedures

If an asylum application is rejected, the applicant has the right to appeal. The appeal can be filed in two ways:

• Within 10 days to the International Protection Evaluation Commission
• Within 30 days to the Administrative Courts

It is critical to file the appeal within the specified deadlines to retain legal residence rights in Turkey while awaiting the new decision.

7. Role of UNHCR in Turkey

As of September 10, 2018, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) no longer registers asylum applications in Turkey. This responsibility has been fully transferred to Turkish authorities. However, UNHCR continues to offer:

• Legal assistance
• Resettlement services for vulnerable individuals
• Guidance on rights and obligations

8. Access to Services

Once applicants receive their International Protection Applicant Identity Document, they gain access to:

• Healthcare services
• Education for children
• Legal support

Additionally, after six months from the application date, asylum seekers can apply for a work permit, allowing them to work legally in Turkey.

9. Responsibilities of Asylum Seekers

Applicants must strictly adhere to Turkish laws, including:

• Residing in the assigned province
• Attending regular reporting sessions
• Following legal obligations related to their asylum status

Failure to comply with these responsibilities may lead to revocation of legal status, affecting the ability to remain in Turkey.

10. Key Takeaways

• Asylum applications must be submitted to the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management (PDMM).
• Applicants must reside in their assigned provinces and report to authorities regularly.
• An asylum interview is conducted to evaluate the protection need.
• Decisions are typically made within six months, but delays can occur.
• Rejected applications can be appealed within 10 or 30 days.
• UNHCR no longer registers asylum seekers but provides legal assistance.
• Successful applicants receive access to healthcare, education, and work permits.

Staying informed and complying with legal requirements is essential for a successful asylum process in Turkey. For additional guidance, seeking legal counsel or support from humanitarian organizations is highly recommended.

For more detailed information and legal assistance, FFK Partner Law Firm provides you with professional support!