What can a foreign footballer do after being excluded from the first team by a Turkish club? A 2026 guide covering squad exclusion, individual training, contract termination, unpaid salary, compensation, evidence, TFF and FIFA remedies.

A foreign professional footballer playing in Turkey may suddenly be informed that he is no longer part of the first-team squad.

Sometimes this is a legitimate sporting decision. The coach may prefer another player, change the tactical system, reduce the squad size or decide that the footballer is not currently performing at the required level.

In other cases, however, first-team exclusion can become a method of contractual pressure.

A club may remove a foreign player from the first team after he refuses a transfer, rejects a salary reduction, demands several months of unpaid wages, refuses to waive bonuses or declines an unfavorable mutual termination proposal.

The player may then be ordered to train separately, excluded from tactical sessions, removed from team communication groups or told that he will never play again unless he agrees to leave.

The legal distinction is critical:

Being left out of the starting lineup is normally a sporting decision. Systematic exclusion designed to force a player to surrender contractual rights can create a very different legal situation.

The Turkish Football Federation amended its professional football regulatory framework in May and June 2026, and the July 2026 Arbitration Board decisions addressed challenges to those amendments. Current disputes should therefore be analyzed under the version of the rules applicable on the relevant date. (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu)

Can a Turkish Club Exclude a Foreign Player from the First Team?

A professional football contract does not ordinarily guarantee that the footballer will start every match.

The coach generally retains sporting discretion over:

Starting XI – Substitutions – Tactical Decisions – Match Selection – Squad Rotation – Playing Time.

Therefore, a foreign footballer cannot normally claim contractual termination merely because he is no longer selected for matches.

But first-team exclusion can go much further than non-selection.

The legal analysis changes when the player is effectively removed from the professional sporting environment.

Match Non-Selection and First-Team Exclusion Are Different

Consider two situations.

Situation A: The coach tells the player that another footballer will start the next five matches.

Situation B: Club management tells the player that he is banned from first-team training indefinitely and must train alone until he accepts termination.

These situations should not be treated as legally equivalent.

The first primarily concerns sporting discretion.

The second can potentially concern contractual performance, abusive conduct and pressure on the player’s employment relationship.

What Can First-Team Exclusion Include?

A foreign footballer’s exclusion may involve:

Removal from First-Team Training

Individual Training

Training at Different Hours

Exclusion from Tactical Sessions

Removal from Team Meetings

Exclusion from Training Camps

Removal from Team Communication Groups

Loss of Access to First-Team Facilities

Exclusion from Match Preparation

Training with a Different Squad

Repeated Non-Selection Without Sporting Explanation.

The complete factual picture matters.

Is Being Removed from the Squad Automatically Illegal?

No.

There can be legitimate reasons for temporary exclusion.

Examples include:

Injury

Rehabilitation

Fitness Problems

Disciplinary Measures

Temporary Tactical Decisions

Squad Registration Issues

Sporting Restructuring.

The player’s legal position depends heavily on why the exclusion occurred.

Injury and Rehabilitation

A foreign player recovering from injury may legitimately train separately.

Suppose a player undergoes knee surgery.

The club’s medical staff prepares an eight-week rehabilitation program involving individual physiotherapy and progressive field work.

That is fundamentally different from punitive exclusion.

Medical records should explain the arrangement.

Fitness Reasons

A player who returns from the summer break substantially below the expected fitness level may receive an individualized program.

Again, temporary individualized training does not automatically create a contractual breach.

The key questions are:

Is there a genuine sporting reason?

Is the program professionally appropriate?

Is it temporary?

Is the player being prepared for reintegration?

Disciplinary Exclusion

A club may allege that the player committed misconduct.

For example:

Repeated Late Arrival

Unauthorized Absence

Refusal to Train

Serious Violation of Team Rules.

Where exclusion is disciplinary, the player should request the factual and legal basis for the measure.

The club’s disciplinary rules, contractual provisions and applicable football regulations should be reviewed.

Foreign Player Registration Rules

Foreign players also operate within squad-registration rules established by the TFF.

For the 2026–2027 season, the TFF confirmed that clubs may include up to 14 foreign footballers on the first-team list, with age-related requirements applying when all 14 foreign places are used. (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu)

Accordingly, a foreign player may sometimes be left outside a particular registration structure for regulatory or squad-planning reasons.

But registration rules should not automatically be confused with the club’s contractual obligations toward a footballer whose professional contract remains in force.

Contract Continues Even If the Player Is Not Selected

This is particularly important.

Being excluded from the match squad does not automatically terminate the professional football contract.

The contractual relationship remains in force unless it expires or is validly terminated.

Therefore, the club may remain responsible for contractual obligations including agreed remuneration while the player remains responsible for his own contractual obligations.

Salary Must Still Be Considered

Suppose a foreign player earns:

EUR 80,000 per month.

The club removes him from the first-team squad.

Unless there is a valid contractual or regulatory basis affecting payment, first-team exclusion does not automatically erase the club’s salary obligations.

A club cannot simply argue:

“You are not playing, therefore we do not have to pay you.”

The player’s contractual remuneration must be analyzed independently from sporting selection.

Match Bonuses Are Different

Variable remuneration may require actual participation.

For example:

Monthly Guaranteed Salary: EUR 80,000

Starting Appearance: EUR 10,000

If the player does not play, he may not satisfy the contractual condition for the EUR 10,000 appearance fee.

However, a more complicated issue arises if the club deliberately prevents appearances specifically to stop the player reaching a valuable bonus threshold.

Bonus Threshold Manipulation

Suppose the player’s contract provides:

25 League Appearances = EUR 250,000 Bonus.

The player reaches 24 appearances.

He is then suddenly removed from the first team despite having started regularly throughout the season.

At the same time, management asks him to waive the EUR 250,000 bonus.

This chronology deserves careful investigation.

The player should preserve evidence concerning the reasons for exclusion.

Exclusion After Refusing a Transfer

One of the most common high-risk scenarios involves transfer pressure.

Suppose the club tells a foreign player:

“We received an offer. You must leave.”

The proposed new club offers substantially lower remuneration.

The player refuses.

The following day, he is excluded from first-team training.

The timing can become important evidence.

A Player Generally Cannot Be Forced to Accept a Transfer

A professional footballer’s existing contractual position cannot simply be ignored because the club prefers another transfer arrangement.

The player may have legitimate reasons to reject a move:

Lower Salary

Different Country

Family Reasons

Sporting Reasons

Shorter Contract

Less Competitive League.

The club should not automatically be able to transform refusal of a transfer into a contractual breach by the player.

Exclusion After Refusing Salary Reduction

Financially distressed clubs may ask expensive foreign players to reduce guaranteed remuneration.

For example:

Current Salary: EUR 1.2 Million

Club Proposal: EUR 700,000

The player refuses.

Three days later, first-team exclusion begins.

This sequence should be documented.

The player is entitled to rely on the contract unless it is validly modified or terminated.

Exclusion After Demanding Unpaid Salary

This can create an especially serious dispute.

Consider:

January Salary – Unpaid

February Salary – Unpaid

March Salary – Unpaid

The player formally demands EUR 240,000.

Several days later, he is removed from first-team training.

The case may involve two separate issues:

Unpaid Remuneration + Retaliatory Sporting Exclusion.

The player should analyze both rather than relying solely on one.

TFF Rules and Club Obligations

The current professional football framework regulates the rights and obligations arising between professional footballers and clubs. The current published text contains specific provisions concerning club obligations and separate provisions concerning footballer obligations. (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu)

Therefore, first-team exclusion should be analyzed within the entire contractual and regulatory relationship rather than simply as a coaching decision.

What If the Club Pays the Player in Full?

This is an important question.

A club may say:

“We pay every euro under his contract. We simply do not want him in the first team.”

Full salary payment certainly affects the analysis.

But professional football is not purely a passive salary arrangement.

Systematic exclusion may affect:

Professional Training

Match Fitness

Career Development

Transfer Value

National-Team Prospects

Future Employment Opportunities.

Accordingly, salary payment alone does not necessarily resolve every issue arising from abusive exclusion.

Sporting Decision or Contractual Pressure?

This is often the central factual dispute.

The club may say:

“The coach made a sporting decision.”

The player may say:

“Management is punishing me because I refused to terminate my contract.”

Evidence determines which explanation is more credible.

Signs of Genuine Sporting Exclusion

The club’s position may be stronger where:

the coach provides a genuine sporting explanation,

other players are treated similarly,

the exclusion is temporary,

the player continues receiving professional training,

the player retains normal facilities,

and there is no evidence of contractual pressure.

Signs of Abusive Exclusion

The player’s position becomes stronger where there is:

No Sporting Explanation

No Disciplinary Basis

Indefinite Exclusion

Individual Training

Different Training Hours

Pressure to Transfer

Pressure to Waive Salary

Pressure to Accept Mutual Termination

Exclusion After Demanding Money

Threats Through the Player’s Agent.

Several factors appearing together can be particularly important.

Removal from Team WhatsApp Groups

By itself, removal from a messaging group is unlikely to determine the entire case.

But it can become supporting evidence.

For example:

Player Refuses Transfer → Removed from First-Team Group → Individual Training Ordered → Locker Removed → Mutual Termination Offered.

The complete sequence can demonstrate systematic exclusion.

Locker-Room Exclusion

If the player is prohibited from using the first-team dressing room, this should also be documented.

The same applies to denial of access to:

Gym

Physiotherapy

Recovery Facilities

Medical Staff

Team Dining

Training Equipment.

The more comprehensive the exclusion, the more important the factual circumstances become.

Training Alone

Being forced to train alone is often one of the strongest indicators that first-team exclusion has gone beyond ordinary non-selection.

However:

Individual Training Is Not Automatically Abusive.

A medical rehabilitation program can be legitimate.

A deliberately meaningless individual program imposed indefinitely to force the player out is a different matter.

Training with the Youth Team

Some clubs send unwanted senior players to youth-team training.

This is not automatically equivalent to complete isolation.

The player’s age, professional status, contractual terms, reason for reassignment and quality of training should be considered.

A genuine sporting development decision involving a young player is very different from humiliating reassignment of an established senior professional designed to force termination.

Should the Player Refuse to Train?

Usually, impulsive refusal creates unnecessary risk.

If the player stops attending training entirely, the club may allege:

Unauthorized Absence

Failure to Perform

Disciplinary Misconduct

Contractual Breach.

The player should avoid turning a potentially strong claim against the club into a case about his own conduct.

Player Should Remain Available to Perform

Where appropriate, the player should continue demonstrating:

Readiness to Train

Professional Conduct

Fitness

Compliance with Reasonable Instructions.

At the same time, he can formally object to allegedly abusive treatment.

This combination can create a strong evidentiary position.

Formal Written Objection

Where exclusion becomes prolonged or clearly punitive, the player should consider formally documenting the situation.

The communication may identify:

Date of Exclusion

Normal Position Before Exclusion

Current Training Arrangement

Lack of Explanation

Denied Facilities

Relevant Transfer or Salary Discussions

Request for Reintegration

Reservation of Rights.

The precise notice mechanism should be selected according to the applicable contract and regulatory framework.

Ask the Club for Written Reasons

A simple question can become important evidence:

“Please confirm the reason why I have been excluded from first-team training.”

The club may respond:

Sporting Decision

Disciplinary Decision

Fitness

Registration

or another reason.

That explanation can later be tested against the evidence.

Changing Explanations Are a Red Flag

Suppose the club initially says:

“This is tactical.”

Two weeks later:

“The player is unfit.”

Then:

“It is disciplinary.”

Repeatedly changing explanations can undermine credibility.

The player should preserve every version.

Medical Examination

If the club claims the player is excluded because he is unfit or injured, medical evidence becomes important.

An independent medical assessment may be relevant in an appropriate case.

The player should preserve all club medical records.

Disciplinary Documents

If the club alleges misconduct, the player should preserve:

Disciplinary Notice

Player Defense

Club Decision

Fine

Evidence

Internal Regulations.

The legality and proportionality of the disciplinary measure can then be assessed.

Agent Communications

Agents frequently possess critical evidence.

A sporting director may tell the agent:

“If your player doesn’t accept the offer, he will not train with the first team again.”

The agent should preserve the original message.

Such evidence can help establish the true purpose of subsequent exclusion.

Emails and Messages

Relevant communications can include:

WhatsApp

Email

SMS

Team Applications

Written Training Instructions.

Original electronic records should be preserved wherever possible.

Screenshots alone may not always be the strongest evidence.

Training Records

The player should maintain a contemporaneous record showing:

Date

Training Time

Location

Who Supervised

Other Players Present

Training Program

Duration

Facilities Available.

This can help demonstrate the actual nature of the exclusion.

Create a Chronology

For example:

1 August – Club proposes transfer

2 August – Player rejects transfer

3 August – Sporting director says player has no future

4 August – Player removed from first-team group

5 August – Individual training begins

8 August – Club proposes mutual termination

10 August – Player formally requests reintegration

This can be powerful evidence.

Can First-Team Exclusion Create Just Cause for Termination?

Potentially.

But there is no universal rule that every first-team exclusion automatically creates just cause.

The seriousness of the breach should be evaluated.

Important factors include:

Reason

Duration

Intent

Training Conditions

Professional Consequences

Previous Warnings

Club Response

Other Contractual Breaches.

Termination is an irreversible step and should not be based solely on frustration.

Duration Matters

One day outside first-team training is very different from six months.

Similarly:

One-Week Tactical Decision

is different from

Indefinite Exclusion Until Player Agrees to Leave.

The longer the unjustified exclusion continues, the more serious the potential consequences can become.

Formal Cure Opportunity

Depending on the legal basis relied upon, providing the club with formal notice and an opportunity to correct the breach can be strategically and legally important.

The player may demand restoration to appropriate professional training conditions within the applicable period.

The precise procedure should be established before the notice is sent.

Do Not Copy the Unpaid-Salary Procedure Automatically

Different contractual breaches can have different termination requirements.

A player should not assume that the formal procedure applicable to unpaid remuneration automatically applies identically to first-team exclusion.

The precise termination ground must first be identified.

Termination Notice

If the breach ultimately justifies termination, the termination declaration should clearly identify the factual and legal grounds relied upon.

The current TFF framework contains formal rules governing termination of professional football contracts. (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu)

Improvised termination through social media, an interview or simply leaving Turkey is unnecessarily risky.

Compensation After Valid Termination

If the club commits a sufficiently serious breach and the player validly terminates, compensation can become a major issue.

Suppose:

Contract Remaining: 24 Months

Guaranteed Remaining Salary: EUR 1.8 Million

Outstanding Salary: EUR 200,000

Accrued Bonuses: EUR 100,000.

The financial dispute can therefore exceed EUR 2 million.

Outstanding Receivables

Amounts already earned should be distinguished from compensation relating to the remaining contract.

Potential mature claims can include:

Salary

Signing Fees

Match Fees

Performance Bonuses

Other Contractual Payments.

Each should be calculated separately.

Remaining Contract Compensation

The value remaining under the contract can be relevant after justified premature termination.

However:

Remaining Contract Value ≠ Automatically Final Compensation.

The applicable football rules and circumstances must be considered.

New Club Income

Suppose the player has EUR 1.5 million remaining under his Turkish contract.

After termination, he signs another contract worth EUR 900,000 over the corresponding period.

Replacement income may affect the compensation analysis.

The new contract should therefore be preserved.

Duty to Mitigate Loss

The player should make genuine efforts to continue his career.

Evidence can include:

Agent Emails

Club Offers

Negotiations

Trial Invitations

Transfer Discussions.

A player should not deliberately remain unemployed simply to maximize a damages claim.

Transfer Window Risk

Termination timing can materially affect the player.

A player who terminates immediately after the transfer window closes may be unable to join another club promptly.

Therefore, the strategy should coordinate:

Legal Termination + Registration + Transfer Window + New Employment.

Foreign Player and FIFA Jurisdiction

Where the dispute has an international dimension, FIFA’s dispute-resolution framework may become relevant.

But foreign nationality alone does not automatically establish the correct forum.

The player should determine:

Contractual Jurisdiction

International Dimension

TFF Framework

FIFA Framework

before filing.

TFF Dispute Resolution

Depending on the dispute and applicable rules, TFF dispute-resolution mechanisms may also be relevant.

The current regulatory position deserves particular attention because the Professional Footballers’ Status and Transfers framework was amended twice during 2026, and challenges concerning those amendments reached the TFF Arbitration Board in July 2026. (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu)

Older templates should therefore not be used without checking the current rules.

Foreign Player Quota Is Not Contract Termination

This deserves emphasis.

A club may have squad-management difficulties because of foreign-player limits.

For the 2026–2027 season, TFF confirmed the applicable first-team foreign-player structure, including the age requirement connected with using all 14 foreign-player places. (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu)

But a squad-registration decision does not itself automatically terminate an existing professional contract.

The club and player must still deal with the contractual relationship lawfully.

Club Says “You Are Not Registered”

Suppose a foreign player has a valid two-year contract.

The club decides not to include him on its first-team registration list.

The player should immediately determine:

Does Salary Continue?

What Training Is Being Provided?

Why Was Registration Refused?

Can the Player Be Registered Later?

Was the Player Pressured to Leave?

What Does the Contract Say?

Non-registration can have serious professional consequences even where salary continues.

Loss of Match Fitness

A player who spends months outside competitive football can lose match fitness.

This can reduce opportunities with future clubs.

The player should document the duration and professional consequences of exclusion.

National-Team Consequences

Foreign players may also lose national-team selection.

A national coach may refuse to select a player who has not played competitive football for months.

Although quantifying this damage can be difficult, the professional consequences demonstrate why long-term exclusion can be serious.

Transfer Value

A player regularly competing in the first team may have substantial transfer value.

After six months without competitive football, that value may decline.

Where a player alleges financial loss, evidence should be objective rather than speculative.

Prior offers and actual transfer negotiations can be useful.

Public Statements by the Club

The club may publicly say:

“The player refuses to train.”

The player may say:

“I am being prevented from training with the team.”

These are fundamentally different factual claims.

Public statements should be preserved.

Separate reputational issues may also arise where false accusations are made.

Avoid Social-Media Escalation

Foreign players should generally avoid conducting the entire dispute publicly.

Emotional posts can:

Create Disciplinary Problems

Damage Settlement

Reveal Strategy

Complicate New Club Negotiations.

Document first. Communicate strategically.

Mutual Termination Proposal

First-team exclusion often precedes a settlement proposal.

For example:

Remaining Contract: EUR 2 Million

Club Offers: EUR 500,000

Player Must Waive All Other Claims.

The player should calculate the full contractual position before accepting.

Settlement Should Address Every Claim

A mutual termination agreement should clearly address:

Outstanding Salary

Match Fees

Bonuses

Signing Payments

Termination Compensation

Currency

Payment Dates

Tax

Registration Cooperation

Release

Default Consequences.

Ambiguous settlement language can generate another dispute.

Do Not Sign a Release Before Understanding It

A foreign player may be asked to sign documents in Turkish immediately before leaving the club.

No document should be treated as “just administrative paperwork” without review.

A short document can contain a full waiver of significant contractual receivables.

Example: Excluded After Refusing Transfer

A foreign player has 18 months remaining and EUR 1.2 million in guaranteed salary.

The club wants him to accept a transfer offering only EUR 500,000.

He refuses.

Two days later, he is removed from first-team training indefinitely.

The player should preserve the transfer proposal, his refusal and every subsequent training instruction.

Example: Legitimate Sporting Decision

A foreign player loses his starting position because another player performs better.

He continues training normally with the first team and has full access to facilities.

He is occasionally selected as a substitute.

This is fundamentally different from systematic exclusion.

Example: Foreign Player Not Registered

The club does not register the foreign player because of squad planning.

The player’s contract nevertheless has another year remaining.

The club continues paying him but requires individual training for the entire season.

The legal analysis should consider both the registration issue and the quality and purpose of the training arrangement.

Example: Exclusion After Salary Claim

A foreign player demands EUR 300,000 of unpaid salary.

The next day, he is removed from the first team.

Management tells his agent that he will return only if he withdraws the claim.

This communication can become particularly significant evidence.

Example: Player Leaves Turkey Immediately

A player is removed from first-team training on Monday.

On Tuesday, he flies home and refuses all club communications.

The club begins disciplinary proceedings.

Even if the original exclusion was questionable, the player’s immediate departure may unnecessarily complicate his position.

Example: Six Months of Isolation

An established foreign player is excluded from normal first-team activities for six months.

There is no injury, documented disciplinary ground or meaningful sporting explanation.

During the same period, the club repeatedly asks him to terminate without compensation.

The cumulative circumstances may create a materially stronger case than ordinary squad non-selection.

What Should the Player Do Immediately?

A practical strategy should generally follow:

Review Contract → Identify Reason for Exclusion → Preserve Evidence → Continue Demonstrating Availability → Request Written Explanation → Document Training Conditions → Review Registration Status → Check Unpaid Salary and Bonuses → Preserve Transfer Discussions → Formally Object Where Appropriate → Request Correction or Reintegration → Determine TFF/FIFA Jurisdiction → Assess Just Cause → Calculate Financial Claims → Terminate Only If Legally Justified → Pursue Compensation and Receivables.

The legal strategy should be prepared before the player takes irreversible action.

Evidence Checklist

A foreign footballer excluded from the first team should preserve:

Professional Football Contract → Additional Protocols → Training Schedules → Team Messages → Coach Communications → Sporting Director Messages → Agent Correspondence → Medical Reports → Disciplinary Documents → Registration Information → Salary Bank Statements → Bonus Records → Match History → Transfer Offers → Settlement Proposals → Formal Notices → Proof of Service.

The player should also create a detailed chronological timeline.

Major Warning Signs

A foreign player should seek immediate legal review where first-team exclusion occurs together with individual training, pressure to accept a transfer, salary reduction demands, unpaid remuneration, threats through an agent, exclusion from facilities, unexplained disciplinary fines, deliberate prevention of bonus thresholds, pressure to sign mutual termination or statements that the player will never return unless he waives contractual rights.

The combination of several factors can be much more important than any single event.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can a Turkish club legally exclude a foreign player from the first team?

A club generally has sporting discretion over team selection, but systematic or abusive exclusion can raise contractual issues depending on its purpose, duration and circumstances.

2. Does first-team exclusion automatically terminate the contract?

No. The contract normally continues unless it expires or is validly terminated.

3. Does the club still have to pay salary?

First-team non-selection does not automatically eliminate contractual salary obligations. The player’s contract and circumstances must be reviewed.

4. Can the player terminate because he has been excluded?

Potentially, where the club’s conduct amounts to a sufficiently serious contractual breach and the applicable termination requirements are satisfied. Ordinary sporting non-selection is not automatically sufficient.

5. Can the club force a foreign player to accept a transfer?

A player should not assume that the club can unilaterally force him to accept a new employment contract with another club merely because management wants him to leave.

6. What if the player is excluded after demanding unpaid salary?

The timing should be documented carefully. The player may have separate claims concerning unpaid remuneration and allegedly retaliatory exclusion.

7. Should the player stop attending training?

Usually this can create unnecessary risk. The player should avoid giving the club an independent allegation of unauthorized absence or refusal to perform.

8. Can the player claim compensation after justified termination?

Potentially. Outstanding contractual remuneration and compensation related to premature termination may become recoverable depending on the applicable rules and circumstances.

9. Does being a foreign player mean the dispute automatically goes to FIFA?

No. Jurisdiction should be determined from the contract, international dimension and applicable TFF and FIFA regulations.

10. What is the biggest mistake a foreign player can make after first-team exclusion?

The biggest mistake is often reacting emotionally by abandoning training or terminating immediately without first preserving evidence and establishing whether the club’s conduct legally justifies termination.

Legal Support for Foreign Players Excluded from First-Team Football in Turkey

A coach is entitled to make genuine sporting decisions. But sporting discretion and contractual pressure are not the same thing.

When first-team exclusion is combined with individual training, unpaid remuneration, transfer pressure or demands that a foreign player waive contractual rights, the entire relationship should be examined carefully.

Firat Fesih Kaya Law Office assists foreign professional footballers, coaches and other international sports participants with disputes involving Turkish clubs. Firat Fesih Kaya can assist with first-team exclusion, forced individual training, non-registration, unpaid salaries and bonuses, transfer pressure, mutual termination negotiations, just-cause termination, compensation claims, TFF proceedings and FIFA-related international disputes.

The player’s strongest strategy is generally to remain professionally compliant, document the club’s conduct, preserve the contractual and sporting evidence and determine the correct termination and compensation strategy before leaving the club.

Phone: +90 312 434 22 22
Mobile Phone: +90 532 769 22 22
Email: info@firatfesihkaya.av.tr
Address: Mevlana Boulevard No: 221, Yildirim Tower, Balgat, Cankaya / Ankara, Turkey