Commercial Law Articles
Ekim 8, 2026
A foreign company’s purchase terms conflict with a Turkish supplier’s sales terms. Learn how Turkish law and international sales rules address battle of forms, incorporation, conflicting […]
Ekim 8, 2026
Purchase Order and Contract Contain Different Terms in Turkey: Which Terms Apply? 2026 Updated Guide
A purchase order and signed contract contain conflicting terms in Turkey. Learn which provisions may prevail, how Turkish contract law approaches inconsistent documents, standard terms, liability […]
Ekim 8, 2026
A company sends money to a fraudulent Turkish bank account after a business email compromise attack. Learn about emergency bank action, criminal complaints, account freezes, evidence […]
Ekim 8, 2026
A foreign company transfers money to the wrong Turkish bank account after receiving a fake invoice. Learn about payment fraud, bank recovery, criminal complaints, account freezing, […]
Ekim 8, 2026
Can a Turkish supplier claim lost profits when a foreign buyer cancels a purchase order? Learn about binding orders, wrongful termination, damages, mitigation, evidence and international […]
Ekim 2, 2026
A foreign buyer may sign a fixed-price supply, manufacturing or purchase agreement with a Turkish supplier only to receive a later demand for additional payment because […]
Ekim 2, 2026
A foreign company pays a large deposit or advance to a Turkish supplier but the transaction collapses. Learn how to recover the payment through contractual claims, […]
Ekim 2, 2026
What can shareholders do if Turkish company records are manipulated before an audit? A 2026 guide to preserving evidence, special audit requests, company books, director liability, […]
Ekim 2, 2026
A foreign shareholder discovers contracts signed in their name without authorization in Turkey. Learn when unauthorized contracts are binding, how ratification works, what evidence should be […]